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The king of Italy on the Carnic Alps (Source: © IWM, Q 65073) General Cadorna on Monte Cengis, val d’Astico (Source: © IWM, Q 65129) Italian troops passing through a village (Source: © IWM, Q 65357) Girl labourers at an Italian munitions factory (Source: © IWM, Q 19134) Observation post on Monte Nero, Isonzo front (Source: © IWM, Q 65062) Shelters on Monte Cregnedul (Source: © IWM, Q 65056) Teleferica (Source: © IWM, Q 65043) General Joffre, General Cadorna and General Porro (Source: © Getty Images / DEA / A. Notes Appendix A Chiefs of the Italian general staff and war ministers Appendix B Executions 1915–1918 Bibliography Indexįig. List of ﬁgures List of maps List of tables Acknowledgements List of abbreviations DD569.A2G67 2014 940.40 0945–dc23 2013045307 ISBN 978-7-8 Hardback ISBN 978-7-2 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. – (Armies of the Great War) Includes bibliographical references and index. The Italian Army and the First World War / John Gooch. First published 2014 Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by Clays, St Ives plc A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Gooch, John. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. Information on this title: © John Gooch 2014 This publication is in copyright. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. The Italian Army and the First World War John Gooch

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Titles in the series include: The American Army and the First World War by David Woodward The Austro-Hungarian Army and the First World War by Graydon Tunstall The British Army and the First World War by Ian Beckett, Timothy Bowman and Mark Connelly The French Army and the First World War by Elizabeth Greenhalgh The German Army and the First World War by Robert Foley The Italian Army and the First World War by John Gooch The books are written by leading military historians and set operations and strategy within the broader context of foreign-policy aims and allied strategic relations, national mobilisation and domestic social, political and economic effects. This is a major new series of studies of the armies of the major combatants in the First World War for publication during the war’s centenary. j o h n g o o c h is Emeritus Professor of International History at the University of Leeds. In a unique study of an unjustly neglected facet of the war, John Gooch illustrates how General Luigi Cadorna, a brutal disciplinarian, drove the army to the edge of collapse, and how his successor, General Armando Diaz, rebuilt it and led the Italians to their greatest victory in modern times. Setting military events within a broader context, the book explores pre-war Italian military culture and the interactions between domestic politics, economics and society. Drawing from original, archival research, it tells the story of the army’s bitter three-year struggle in the mountains of Northern Italy, including the eleven bloody battles of the Isonzo, the near-catastrophic defeat at Caporetto in 1917 and the successful, but still controversial defeat of the Austro-Hungarian army at Vittorio Veneto on the eve of the Armistice. This is a major new account of the role and performance of the Italian army during the First World War.

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